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| 1960 |
| | | Kenneth Kaunda is elected president of UNIP, a new party fighting for an independent Northern Rhodesia | |
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| 1960 |
| | | South African police fire on a crowd in Sharpeville, near Johannesburg, killing more than sixty people | |
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| 1960 |
| | | Madagascar becomes independent (under the name Malagasy republic from till 1975), with Philibert Tsiranana as president | |
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| 1960 |
| | | The South West Africa People's Organization is founded to fight against South African control of Namibia | |
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| 1960 |
| | | Nelson Mandela leads a new armed section of the ANC (African National Congress), formed in response to Sharpeville | |
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| 1960 |
| | | Albert Luthuli, president of the ANC in South Africa, is awarded the Nobel Peace Prize | |
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| 1961 |
| | | Joshua Nkomo founds ZAPU, the Zimbabwe African People's Union, in the British colony of Southern Rhodesia | |
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| 1961 |
| | | Commonwealth opposition to apartheid causes South Africa to leave the organization and become a republic | |
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| 1961 |
| | | Nelson Mandela and the ANC adopt guerrilla tactics against the apartheid regime in South Africa | |
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| 1962 |
| | | Frelimo emerges as a Marxist guerrilla group dedicated to winning independence for Mozambique | |
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